CNC vertical lathes have very strict requirements for spindles, which are directly related to the accuracy, surface quality and overall performance of machine tools. The following are the main requirements for spindles of CNC vertical lathes:
1. Rigidity requirements
Sufficiently high rigidity: When CNC vertical lathes are working, especially when performing high-speed cutting, the spindle components need to have very high rigidity. This is because low rigidity will cause the spindle to produce large elastic deformation under the action of external forces, which will in turn cause vibration, affecting the accuracy and surface roughness of the processed parts.
2. Accuracy requirements
Higher rotation accuracy: The rotation accuracy of the spindle components of CNC vertical lathes directly affects the geometric accuracy and surface quality of the processed parts. Rotation accuracy refers to the radial runout and axial runout measured on the positioning surface of the workpiece, fixture or tool installed at the front end of the spindle at no load and low speed.
Reliable and accurate positioning: The structure of the spindle components of CNC vertical lathes should ensure reliable radial positioning accuracy and axial positioning accuracy to ensure reliable clamping of workpieces or tools, accurate positioning, and reduce the influence of clamping errors and positioning errors on processing quality.
3. Seismic resistance requirements
Good seismic resistance: In CNC machining, the spindle components need to have good seismic resistance, that is, the ability to resist vibration and maintain balanced operation. Vibration will affect the surface quality of the workpiece, the durability of the tool and the life of the spindle bearings, and will also generate noise, affecting the working environment.
4. Thermal stability requirements
Strong thermal stability: The spindle components need to have the ability to resist shape and position changes caused by heat. When the CNC vertical lathe is working, heat will be generated due to friction, oil stirring, etc., resulting in temperature imbalance of the spindle components, and then distortion in shape and position, affecting the machining accuracy.
5. Accuracy retention requirements
Long accuracy retention: The spindle components of the CNC vertical lathe need to be able to maintain their original manufacturing accuracy for a long time. Since CNC machine tools are expensive, in order to accelerate the recovery of equipment investment, extend service life, and reduce the number of repairs, the spindle components must have good accuracy retention.
VI. Other requirements
Automatic tool change function: For CNC vertical lathes that require automatic tool change, their spindle components should also have functions such as automatic tool loading and unloading, chip blowing, and spindle orientation and accurate stop to meet the needs of CNC machine tools to improve the level of automation and shorten auxiliary time.
In summary, CNC vertical lathes have many requirements for spindles, including rigidity, accuracy, shock resistance, thermal stability, accuracy retention, and other special functional requirements. These requirements together constitute the high-performance standards of CNC vertical lathe spindle components.
